📖 《把 AI 当助手——经济实证研究的诚信、方法与工具》双语网页版:每章中文部在前,English Edition 在后,内容与最新合订 PDF 一致。
附录 I · 核心术语中英对照表
本表按英文字母顺序排列，覆盖手册中出现的核心方法论术语、统计概念与 AI 工具术语。
表 I.1 核心术语中英对照表。
| 英文 | 中文 | 简要说明 / 首次出现章节 |
|---|---|---|
| （接下页） | ||
| Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) | 基于代理的模型 | 用计算机模拟个体交互涌现宏观现象；§9.8 |
| Average Variance Extracted (AVE) | 平均方差抽取量 | 收敛效度指标，需 >0.5；§7.6 |
| Cronbach’s Alpha | 克隆巴赫系数 | 内部一致性信度指标，通常需 >0.7；§5.5, §7.6 |
| Difference-in-Differences (DID) | 双重差分法 | 政策评估准实验方法，需平行趋势假设；§9.4 |
| Ecological Fallacy | 生态谬误 | 用群体层面数据推断个体行为的逻辑错误；§2.2 |
| Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) | 探索性因子分析 | 从观测变量中提取潜在因子；§7.6 |
| Fixed Effects (FE) | 固定效应 | 面板数据模型，控制个体/时间不变特征；§9.2 |
| Gap-Spotting | 缺口发现 | 从文献空白处寻找研究问题的策略；§3.7 |
| Generalized Linear Model (GLM) | 广义线性模型 | 统一 OLS/Logit/Poisson 等回归框架；§9.0 |
| Grounded Theory | 扎根理论 | 从数据自下而上构建理论的质性方法；§10.4 |
| Instrumental Variable (IV) | 工具变量 | 解决内生性的 2SLS 方法；§9.3 |
| Internal Validity | 内部效度 | 因果推断的可信度；§4.2 |
| Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) | KMO 检验 | 因子分析适切性指标，需 >0.6；§7.6 |
| Likert Scale | 李克特量表 | 态度测量常用 5 点或 7 点量表；§5.3 |
| Operationalization | 操作化 | 将抽象构念转化为可测变量的过程；§2.3, §5.1 |
| Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) | 普通最小二乘法 | 线性回归基准方法；§9.1 |
| Propensity Score Matching (PSM) | 倾向得分匹配 | 观察性研究中构造可比对照组的方法；§9.5 |
| Problematization | 问题化 | 对现有理论假设提出质疑的研究策略；§3.7 |
| Random Effects (RE) | 随机效应 | 面板数据模型，假设个体效应与解释变量不相关；§9.2 |
| Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) | 断点回归设计 | 利用临界值附近局部随机化的准实验方法；§9.5 |
| Reliability | 信度 | 测量结果的一致性与稳定性；§5.5 |
| Robust Standard Error | 稳健标准误 | 对异方差/自相关稳健的标准误估计；§9.1 |
| Theoretical Saturation | 理论饱和 | 质性研究中不再出现新范畴的停止标准；§10.3 |
| Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) | 两阶段最小二乘法 | 工具变量法的估计方法；§9.3 |
| Validity | 效度 | 测量工具测到目标构念的准确程度；§5.6 |
English Edition
Appendix I · Core Terminology: English–Chinese Glossary
The table is ordered alphabetically by the English term and covers the core methodological terminology, statistical concepts, and AI-tool terms used in this handbook.
Table I.1 Core terminology: English–Chinese glossary.
| English | Chinese | Brief note / first appearance |
|---|---|---|
| (continued on next page) | ||
| Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) | 基于代理的模型 | Simulating individual interactions on a computer to generate macro-level emergence; §9.8 |
| Average Variance Extracted (AVE) | 平均方差抽取量 | Convergent-validity index; should exceed 0.5; §7.6 |
| Cronbach’s Alpha | 克隆巴赫系数 | Internal-consistency reliability index; usually should exceed 0.7; §5.5, §7.6 |
| Difference-in-Differences (DID) | 双重差分法 | Quasi-experimental policy-evaluation method requiring parallel trends; §9.4 |
| Ecological Fallacy | 生态谬误 | The logical error of inferring individual behaviour from group-level data; §2.2 |
| Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) | 探索性因子分析 | Extracting latent factors from observed variables; §7.6 |
| Fixed Effects (FE) | 固定效应 | Panel model controlling for time-invariant individual characteristics; §9.2 |
| Gap-Spotting | 缺口发现 | A strategy for finding research questions in gaps in the literature; §3.7 |
| Generalized Linear Model (GLM) | 广义线性模型 | A unified regression framework covering OLS/Logit/Poisson and more; §9.0 |
| Grounded Theory | 扎根理论 | A qualitative method that builds theory bottom-up from data; §10.4 |
| Instrumental Variable (IV) | 工具变量 | A 2SLS approach to endogeneity; §9.3 |
| Internal Validity | 内部效度 | The credibility of a causal inference; §4.2 |
| Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) | KMO 检验 | Factor-analysis adequacy index; should exceed 0.6; §7.6 |
| Likert Scale | 李克特量表 | The usual 5-point or 7-point scale for attitude measurement; §5.3 |
| Operationalization | 操作化 | Turning an abstract construct into measurable variables; §2.3, §5.1 |
| Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) | 普通最小二乘法 | The baseline method of linear regression; §9.1 |
| Propensity Score Matching (PSM) | 倾向得分匹配 | Constructing a comparable control group in observational studies; §9.5 |
| Problematization | 问题化 | A research strategy that questions existing theoretical assumptions; §3.7 |
| Random Effects (RE) | 随机效应 | Panel model assuming individual effects are uncorrelated with regressors; §9.2 |
| Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) | 断点回归设计 | Quasi-experimental method exploiting local randomisation near a cutoff; §9.5 |
| Reliability | 信度 | The consistency and stability of measurement; §5.5 |
| Robust Standard Error | 稳健标准误 | Standard-error estimates robust to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation; §9.1 |
| Theoretical Saturation | 理论饱和 | The stopping rule in qualitative research when no new categories appear; §10.3 |
| Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) | 两阶段最小二乘法 | The estimation method of instrumental variables; §9.3 |
| Validity | 效度 | How accurately an instrument measures the target construct; §5.6 |